Microservices Architecture: When to Use and When to Avoid
BackendNovember 26, 202520 min read1 views
MicroservicesArchitectureBackendDevOpsSystem DesignScalability
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Microservices are everywhere, but are they right for your project? Let's explore the architecture, patterns, and real-world considerations.
Microservices architecture breaks down applications into small, independent services that:
┌─────────────────────────────┐
│ Single Application │
│ ┌─────────────────────┐ │
│ │ User Management │ │
│ ├─────────────────────┤ │
│ │ Order Processing │ │
│ ├─────────────────────┤ │
│ │ Payment Processing │ │
│ ├─────────────────────┤ │
│ │ Inventory │ │
│ └─────────────────────┘ │
│ Single Database │
└─────────────────────────────┘
Pros:
Cons:
┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐
│ User │ │ Order │ │ Payment │
│ Service │ │ Service │ │ Service │
│ ┌────────┐ │ │ ┌────────┐ │ │ ┌────────┐ │
│ │ DB │ │ │ │ DB │ │ │ │ DB │ │
│ └────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ │
└──────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘
│ │ │
└─────────────────┴──────────────────┘
API Gateway
Pros:
Cons:
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┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐
│User Service │ │Order Service │
│ ┌────────┐ │ │ ┌────────┐ │
│ │ Users │ │ │ │ Orders │ │
│ │ DB │ │ │ │ DB │ │
│ └────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ │
└──────────────┘ └──────────────┘
Pros:
Cons:
┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐
│User Service │ │Order Service │
└──────┬───────┘ └──────┬───────┘
│ │
└────────┬───────────┘
│
┌──────▼──────┐
│ Shared │
│ Database │
└─────────────┘
Why avoid?
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✅ Use when:
❌ Avoid when:
Phase 1: Monolith
┌─────────────────┐
│ Monolith │
└─────────────────┘
Phase 2: Extract first service
┌─────────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│ Monolith │ │ User │
│ (minus │ │ Service │
│ users) │ └──────────┘
└─────────────┘
Phase 3: Extract more services
┌─────────┐ ┌────────┐ ┌─────────┐
│Monolith │ │ User │ │ Order │
│ (core) │ │Service │ │ Service │
└─────────┘ └────────┘ └─────────┘
Microservices aren't a silver bullet:
Remember: Complexity is a feature, not a bug. Only add it when you need it! 🎯